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''Pycnonotus'' is a
''Pycnonotus'' is a genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of frugivorous passerine
A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped') which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines generally have an anisodactyl arrangement of their ...
birds in the bulbul family Pycnonotidae.
Taxonomy and systematics
The genus ''Pycnonotus'' was introduced by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1826 with the Cape bulbul as thetype species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
. The name of the genus combines the Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...
words ''puknos'' "thick" or "compact" and ''-nōtos'' "-backed".
The genus contains the following 31 species:
Former species
In previous circumscriptions the genus ''Pycnonotus'' was considerably larger. Recent taxonomic revisions have seen many species transferred to other genera. In 2010, eighteen former ''Pycnonotus'' species were reclassified into different genera, either directly from ''Pycnonotus'' or from the genus '' Andropadus'', to which they had already been transferred by some authorities. These changes were as follows: * one species was transferred to genus Stelgidillas. ** Slender-billed greenbul ( former ''Pycnonotus gracilirostri'' or ''Pycnonotus gracilirostris'') * twelve species were transferred to genus Arizelocichla: ** Shelley's greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus masukuensis'') ** Kakamega greenbul (nominate) (former ''Pycnonotus kakamegae'') ** Cameroon greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus montanus'', as ''Arizelocichla montana'') ** Western greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus tephrolaemus'') ** Olive-breasted greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus tephrolaema'') ** Mountain greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus nigriceps'') ** Uluguru greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus neumanni'') **Black-browed greenbul
The black-browed mountain greenbul (''Arizelocichla fusciceps''), formerly the black-browed greenbul, is a species of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found in south-eastern Africa from south-western Tanzania to north-eastern Zambia, ...
(former ''Pycnonotus fusciceps'')
** Yellow-throated greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus chlorigula'')
** Stripe-cheeked greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus milanjensis'')
** Olive-headed greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus olivaceiceps'')
** Stripe-faced greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus strifacies'')
* five species were transferred to genus Eurillas:
** Little greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus virens'')
** Little grey greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus gracilis'')
** Ansorge's greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus ansorgei'')
** Plain greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus curvirostris'')
** Yellow-whiskered greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus latirostris'')
In 2020, a further 17 species were transferred to other genera:
* Black-and-white bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus melanoleucos'', moved to the monotypic genus ''Microtarsus'')
* Puff-backed bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus eutilotus'', moved to the monotypic genus ''Eutilotus'')
* Yellow-wattled bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus urostictus'', moved to monotypic genus ''Poliolophus'')
* Two species to genus '' Alcurus'':
** Striated bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus striatus'')
** Spot-necked bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus tympanistrigus'')
* Four species to genus '' Brachypodius'':
** Grey-headed bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus priocephalus'')
** Black-headed bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus atriceps'', as ''Brachypodius melanocephalos''; the species epithet ''melanocephalos'' has priority over ''atriceps'')
** Andaman bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus fuscoflavescens'')
** Blue-wattled bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii'')
* Three species to genus '' Ixodia'':
** Spectacled bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus erythropthalmos'')
** Grey-bellied bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus cyaniventris'')
** Scaly-breasted bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus squamatus'')
* Five species to genus '' Rubigula'':
** Black-crested bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus flaviventris'')
** Flame-throated bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus gularis'')
** Black-capped bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus melanicterus'')
** Ruby-throated bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus dispar'')
** Bornean bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus montis'')
Other former ''Pycnonotus'' species include:
* Sombre greenbul (former ''Pycnonotus importunus'', now ''Andropadus importunus'')
* Yellow-throated leaflove (former ''Haematornis flavicollis'' or ''Pycnonotus flavicollis'', now ''Atimastillas flavicollis'')
* Hairy-backed bulbul (former ''Brachypodius criniger'', now ''Tricholestes criniger'')
* Bare-faced bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus hualon'', now ''Nok hualon'')
* Cream-striped bulbul (former ''Pycnonotus leucogrammicus'', now ''Hemixos leucogrammicus'')
References
External links
* Bulbuls Taxa named by Friedrich Boie Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Long stubs with short prose {{Pycnonotidae-stub